Mpox (Monkeypox): Disease & Vaccination Response

Mpox epidemiology, the 2022 global outbreak, JYNNEOS vaccine efficacy and safety data, and current vaccination recommendations.

DNA Virus Vaccine Available 2022 Outbreak

Disease Overview

Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus (the same genus as smallpox). The disease was first identified in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Mpox typically presents with fever, headache, muscle aches, and a characteristic rash that progresses through stages. While usually self-limiting, severe cases can occur, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, and young children.

2022-2023 Global Outbreak

  • ~87,000 confirmed cases globally (2022-2023)
  • ~111,000 suspected cases
  • ~140 deaths reported
  • Primarily affecting men who have sex with men

JYNNEOS Vaccine: Efficacy & Recommendations

About JYNNEOS

JYNNEOS (also known as Imvanex in Europe) is a non-replicating modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine. It was originally developed by Bavarian Nordic for smallpox but received FDA approval for mpox in July 2022. It contains a weakened form of the vaccinia virus that cannot replicate in human cells.

Efficacy Data

  • Pre-exposure: Studies show robust immune response; effectiveness estimated at 66-89%
  • Post-exposure: 89% effective at preventing mpox when given within 4 days of exposure
  • Second dose enhances immune response significantly

ACIP Recommendations

  • PrEP: Gay/bisexual men, transgender individuals with high-risk behaviors
  • People with multiple sexual partners in areas with known mpox
  • Healthcare workers with high-risk exposure
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis within 4-14 days of exposure

Sources & Citations

Related Pages