Malaria

A parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes. New vaccines offer hope for controlling this disease that causes hundreds of thousands of deaths annually.

Disease Burden

Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. In 2022, malaria caused an estimated 249 million cases and 608,000 deaths globally (WHO, 2023).

Children under 5 years account for approximately 80% of malaria deaths in Africa. The disease is preventable and treatable, but control efforts have been challenged by drug resistance and climate change affecting mosquito habitats.

Vaccines

RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix)

  • First malaria vaccine, approved by WHO 2021
  • Targets P. falciparum
  • 4-dose schedule for children 6+ months
  • ~30-40% efficacy, wanes over time
  • Rolling out in Ghana, Kenya, Malawi

R21/Matrix-M

  • Newer vaccine, higher efficacy
  • Targets P. falciparum
  • Similar 4-dose schedule
  • ~75-80% efficacy in trials
  • Approved in Ghana, Nigeria, others

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