Meningitis

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial meningitis is particularly dangerous and can be prevented through vaccination.

Overview

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other pathogens. Bacterial meningitis is the most serious form and requires immediate medical attention (CDC, 2024).

In the U.S., the most common causes of bacterial meningitis are:

  • Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcal) - causes meningococcal disease
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcal) - causes pneumococcal meningitis
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) - now rare due to vaccination

Meningococcal disease causes approximately 1,000-2,600 cases annually in the U.S., with 10-15% fatality rate.

Vaccines

MenACWY (Meningococcal)

  • Protects against A, C, W, Y serogroups
  • CDC recommendation: Ages 11-12, booster at 16
  • Required for college attendance in many states

MenB (Meningococcal B)

  • Protects against serogroup B
  • Recommended for ages 16-23 (preferred 16-18)
  • Consider for high-risk groups

Related Pages